Unit+IIIA+-+Neural+Processing

=__**Unit IIIA - Neural Processing and the Endocrine System - pages 51-65**__=

= = = = =__**APA Content Standards Area: Biological Bases of Behavior **__= //After concluding this unit, students understand: // 1. Structure and function of the nervous system in human and non-human animals 2. Structure and function of the endocrine system 3. The interaction between biological factors and experience 4. Methods and issues related to biological advances 1.1 Identify the major divisions and subdivisions of the human nervous system. 1.2 Identify the parts of the neuron and describe the basic process of neural transmission. 1.3 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system. 1.4 Describe lateralization of brain functions. 1.5 Discuss the mechanisms of, and the importance of, plasticity of the nervous system. 2.1 Describe how the endocrine glands are linked to the nervous system. 2.2 Describe the effects of hormones on behavior and mental processes.
 * Content Standard 1: **** Structure and function of the nervous system in human and non-human animals **
 * Content Standard 2: ****<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> Structure and function of the endocrine system **

=__**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Key Terms **__= <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Biological psychology neuron <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Sensory neurons motor neurons <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Interneurons dendrite <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Axon myelin sheath <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Action potential threshold <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Synapse synapse <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Neurotransmitter reuptake <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Endorphins acetylcholine <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Dopamine serotonin <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Norepinephrine GABA <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Glutamate nervous system (NS) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Central NS Peripheral NS <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Nerves somatic nervous system <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Autonomic nervous system sympathetic nervous system <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Parasympathetic nervous system reflex <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Endocrine system hormones <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Adrenal glands pituitary gland



Mini-Unit Outline and Key Terms





__The Incredible Case of Phineas Gage__


You will view the following video on this incredible story. As you watch, keep a list of Gage's personality traits before and after the accident.
 * =**Personality before the Accident**= || =**Personality after the accident**= ||

media type="youtube" key="j6re203lf_E" width="560" height="315"


 * After the video answer the following:**


 * - Why is Phineas Gage’s story important to the study of the brain in psychology?**


 * - How did Phineas Gage change after the accident?**


 * - How did Phineas Gage’s accident change scientists’ understanding of the brain?**


 * - What else changes personality?**

Rock out to the Phineas Gage song! media type="youtube" key="WGl5SUB8IXM" height="315" width="560"

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Phineas Gage, Neuroscience’s Most Famous Patient from Slate.com, May 6 2014

__**Neural Communication**__

 * ** Neuroanatomy ** || ** Function ** ||
 * Dendrites || The root like part of the cell that stretches out from the cell body. Dendrites will receive messages from other neurons by grabbing on to neurotransmitters (chemicals we will talk about soon). ||
 * Soma (cell body) || Contains the nucleus (brain) of the cell. Tells the cell to fire of not to fire. ||
 * Axon || Wire like structure that extends from the soma to the axon terminal buttons. It is like a highway in which the messages will travel down the neuron. ||
 * Myelin Sheath || A fatty layer of tissue that surrounds the axon. It helps speed up neural impulses. ||
 * Axon Terminal Buttons || The branches at the end of the axon that contain neurotransmitters and send them shooting across the synapse. They also suck up excess neurotransmitter in a process called reuptake. ||
 * Neurotransmitters || Chemicals contained in the terminal buttons that enable neurons to communicate. Neurotransmitters fit into receptor cells on the dendrites on other neurons like a key in a lock. ||
 * Synapse || The space in between neurons (neurons never touch each other). ||

//A. Neurons//

[[file:Neurotransmitter Chart.docx]]


Build a neuron Virtual neuron

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**Mnemonics for Neurotransmitters: EXAMPLES**


 * __ Dopamine: __**** I want that – it’s mine! Dopamine carries messages about pleasure (not a great example) **
 * __ Epinephrine: __**** Epipen – needed for an emergency, gives a shot of adrenaline **
 * __ Endorphin __**** – Picture a dolphin who feels no pain at all. Endorphins block pain messages **
 * __ GABA __**** – Get A Break Adjustment – leading inhibitory neurotransmitter **
 * __ Glutamate __**** – You are glued to your mate – your new boyfriend or girlfriend. Glutate is the leading excitatory neurotransmitter **
 * __ Seratonin __**** – Think of a rotten tone, or being in a rotten mood. Seratonin regulates moods. **


 * Now generate your own!**

Neurotransmitter song done by a student media type="youtube" key="XP9IEoCw5W4" width="560" height="315"

//B. How Neurons Communicate//



Action Potential Cartoon Silly interactive review of the process

Synapses and Neurotransmission Review Test yourself

The more you know: explore the following websites on neurons: Neurons Divisions of the Nervous System Interesting Facts about Neurons How Neurons Talk to Each Other Neurotransmitter Tutorial Make a Mad Neuron!

Mouse Party - your brain on drugs

//C. How Neurotransmitters Influence Us//



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PsychSim5: Neural Messages Click through the information on this website and answer the questions below:

=__The Nervous System__=

- All nerves that are not encased in bone - Everything but the brain and spinal cord - Two parts: somatic and autonomic
 * //A. The Peripheral Nervous System//**

- control voluntary muscle movement - uses motor (efferent) neurons
 * Somatic

- controls the automatic functions of the body - two parts: sympathetic and parasympathetic
 * Autonomic

Sympathetic -Fight or flight response - accelerates heart rate, breathing, dilates pupils, slows down digestion

Parasympathetic - automatically slows the body down after a stressful event - heart rate and breathing slow down, pupils constrict and digestion speeds up

//-The brain and spinal cord//
 * //B. The Central Nervous System//**

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=__The Endocrine System__=

Neuroplasticity media type="custom" key="23955556"

Neuroscientists are able to read our minds! media type="custom" key="23955636"

Review of Unit 3A - Crash Course The Chemical Mind media type="youtube" key="W4N-7AlzK7s" width="560" height="315"

Are you a risk taker? Quiz Post your results on your virtual notebook. What do you think? Do you agree/disagree?

The Teenage BrainPrintable Copy of the Teenage Brain

Day 1 Do Now: True/Fact statements for Unit 3A (teachers resource binder) - Case study: Phineus Gage video - Notes on neurons, diagram -Neurotransmitters: mnemonic devices, create own and share -Flushing a toilet example - metaphor for firing a neuron HW: 51-59

Day 2 Do Now: Page 58 ask yourself question - Video of neurotransmitters - Central nervous system notes - drug video clip - Create own neuron firing demo/drawing with a partner HW: 60-67

Day 3 Do Now: Practice quiz -Disorders of the nervous system notes - Neuroplasticity video - Types of brain scans - video, discuss HW: Finish unit 3A notes, quiz on 3A