Unit+II+-+Research+Methods

=Unit II - Research Methods - pages 19-49=

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=__**APA ****Content Standard: Research Methods, Measurements, Statistics **__= //After concluding this unit, students understand: // 1. Research methods and measurements used to study behavior and mental processes 2. Ethical issues in research with human and non-human animals 3. Basic concepts of data analysis  1.1 Describe the scientific method and its role in psychology. 1.2 Describe and compare a variety of quantitative (e.g., surveys, correlations, experiments) and qualitative (e.g., interviews, narratives, focus groups) research methods. 1.3 Define systematic procedures used to improve the validity of research findings, such as external validity. 1.4 Discuss how and why psychologists use non-human animals in research. 2.1 Identify ethical standards psychologists must address regarding research with human participants. 2.2 Identify ethical guidelines psychologists must address regarding research with non-human animals. 3.1 Define descriptive statistics and explain how they are used by psychological scientists. 3.2 Define forms of qualitative data and explain how they are used by psychological scientists. 3.3 Define correlation coefficients and explain their appropriate interpretation. 3.4 Interpret graphical representations of data as used in both quantitative and qualitative methods. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">3.5 Explain other statistical concepts, such as statistical significance and effect size. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">3.6 Explain how validity and reliability of observations and measurements relate to data analysis.
 * Content Standard 1: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> **Research methods and measurements used to study behavior and mental processes**
 * Content Standard 2: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> **Ethical issues in research with human and non-human animals**
 * Content Standard 3: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;"> **Basic concepts of data analysis**

=**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Key Terms __**= <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Hindsight bias Random assignment <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Critical thinking Double-blind procedure <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Theory Placebo effect <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Hypothesis Experimental group <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Operational definition Control group <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Replication Independent variable <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Case study Confounding variable <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Survey Dependent variable <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Population Mode <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Random sample Mean <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Naturalistic observation Median <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Correlation Range <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Correlation coefficient Standard Deviation <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Scatter plot Normal curve <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 13.3333px;">Illusory correlation Statistical significance <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Experiment





=PsychSims= Once you are one the PsychSim Website, find and complete the following labs:
 * **PsychSim Lab Title** || **PsychSim Lab Questions** ||
 * Descriptive Statistics || [[file:PsychSim 5 stats.doc]] ||
 * Statistics: Correlation || [[file:PsychSim stats correlation.doc]] ||
 * What's wrong with this study? || [[file:PsychSim What's wrong with this study.doc]] ||

__**Scientific Method**__

 * Cards** - intro - are you psychic?

**Hurdles that skew our logic:**
The tendency to believe, after learning the outcome, that you knew it all along <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">– “I knew it all along” <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">– “Out of sight, out of mind” <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">– “Absence makes the heart grow fonder” We tend to think we know more than we do <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">– Together with hindsight bias, can lead to overestimate our intuition
 * Hindsight Bias
 * Overconfidence

**<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Critical Thinking: Smart Thinking **

 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Examines assumptions
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Discerns hidden values
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Evaluates evidence
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 14.6667px;">Assesses conclusions

Logic - what do we do with witches? media type="custom" key="23798386" An example of how logic can be used to reach a popular yet invalid conclusion.



Identify the Control and Variables with the Simpsons

Practice Identifying the Variables

__**Methods of Research**__







Poorly worded surveys

__**Data Interpretation - Statistics**__

Stats on the web handout

Practice with Harry Potter!



Skew: How to Memorize Negative and Positively Skewed Distributions
In this short clip of a fake newscast, we are given ways to memorize the difference between negative and positively skewed distributions. Can you come up with other mnemonic devices to help you remember statistical terms? Try coming up with one to remember the difference between nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. media type="youtube" key="gzSbAkZE8jw" height="315" width="420"

Correlation
The headless professor defines correlation and practical aspects, such as the direction and magnitude of relationships. What is a positive correlation? A negative correlation? Which is a stronger correlation: -.68, .42, or .09? What does a +1.0, 0, and a -1.0 correlation indicate? media type="youtube" key="0AUjt_MA72U" height="315" width="420"

Statistical Significance
The headless professor continues from the previous lesson on correlation. He begins with identifying the four possible relationships that could explain an association between variables. Probability values are covered and how to interpret them. What are the four relationships that can explain an association between variables? What is the null hypothesis and why is it important? How is interpreting a probability value different from interpreting the strength of a correlation? media type="youtube" key="G60Hp_iFW5I" height="315" width="420"









__**Ethics**__

media type="custom" key="23751882" Lots of ethical violations in this experiment - list them!




 * Whats wrong with these studies?**

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 * Review of Research Methods**

Day 1 Do Now: How do we know smoking causes cancer? (green spiral teacher book) - Research in psychology vs intuition. Hurdles to logic -Monty Python Logic clip - Psych card tricks - from Teacher's Resource Binder - Scientific method (Green spiral teacher book) -HW: 25-30

Day 2 Do Now: Table 2.1 in book - Debrief scientific method - Types of research, pro/con, operational definitions -Wording of survey questions demo (teachers resource binder) - Observational demo, at lunch (teachers resource binder) HW 31-36

Day 3 Do Now: Practice multiple choice questions - Practice identifying variables - Nuts and Bolts demo HW: 37-42
 * -** Apply types of research - problems

Day 4 Do Now: Prep for quiz, quiz on Unit 2 - Sampling - M&Ms demo - Statistics - overview, notes -Practice correlation problems HW: finish unit 2 notes

Day 5 Do Now: 4 main ethical principles? - Finish correlation and stats - Ethical situations - apply -HW: APA Unit 2 questions First test: test on units 1 and 2

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